Wikipedia:WikiProject Academic Journals/Journals cited by Wikipedia/Questionable2

Disclaimer / Warning

This is The Wikipedia CiteWatch, a bot-compiled listing of potentially cargo cult, conspiracist, denialist, fake, junk, not even wrong, obsolete, predatory, pseudoscientific, quack, or otherwise unreliable publications cited by Wikipedia through the |journal= parameter of citation templates (see this Signpost article for details). It is based on several lists of unreliable or questionable publications (such as those compiled by Jeffrey Beall, the University Grants Commission, Quackwatch, or Wikipedia editors) and currently reflects the state of Wikipedia as of 1 August 2024. See Q9 in the FAQ for the update schedule.

This list is a starting point to detect unreliable sources which are cited by Wikipedia, but it does not answer whether it is appropriate to cite them. Due to the somewhat arbitrary nature of what exactly constitutes an unreliable source, as well as imperfect matching algorithms, the list may feature publications and publishers which...

are flat-out promoting pseudo/junk scholarship or quackery
are flat-out predatory/vanity venues, with sham peer-review processes
were once-reliable, but have since been acquired by predatory publishers
were once-unreliable, but no longer engage in problematic practices
reflect the sources' good but imperfect judgment of what is unreliable
are problematic in some areas (e.g. pseudoscience), but reliable in others (e.g. news)
are problematic in some other way (e.g. circular references, or deprecated sources)
are problematic but used in an acceptable manner (e.g. primary sources about frauds)
are misclassified because of a spelling variation (red links especially)
are misclassified because of false positives, miscategorization, or flawed bot logic
are reliable, but share names with imposter publications and publishers
are about pseudoscholarship as a topic, rather than being pseudoscholarly themselves

While many, if not most, publications and publishers on this list have some questionable aspects to their publishing practices, these can still be reliable (or be otherwise acceptable) in limited circumstances. The CiteWatch cannot determine the full context in which a source is used, therefore use common sense and judgement before removing a citation from an article (see Q8 in the FAQ). When in doubt, discuss things on the article's talk page or at the reliable sources noticeboard – especially before a mass purge of a source. The Unreliable/Predatory Source Detector user script may also interest you.

Additions and removals from the listing – including false positives – can be discussed at WT:CITEWATCH. False positives can also be directly handled at WP:JCW/EXCLUDE.

Rank	Target/Group	Entries (Citations, Articles)	Total Citations	Distinct Articles	⁠Citations/article⁠
101	Pharmacognosy Research [Beall's journal list / update]	Pharmacognosy Research (22 in 22)	22	22	1.000
102	North American Journal of Medical Sciences \| `{{doi\|10.4297}}` [Beall's journal list / update]	List of Medknow Publications academic journals North American Journal of Medical Sciences (22 in 21)	22	21	1.048
103	Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences (10 in 10) The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences (11 in 11)	21	21	1.000
104	International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research \| `{{doi\|10.14299}}` [Beall's journal list · Lying about DOAJ]	International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research (21 in 20)	21	20	1.050
105	Allied Academies \| `{{doi\|10.35841}}` [Beall's publisher list]	Biomedical Research (8 in 8) Biomed Res (1 in 1) Biomed. Res. (2 in 1, 2) International Tinnitus Journal (1 in 1) Int Tinnitus J (2 in 1, 2) Int. Tinnitus J. (1 in 1) The International Tinnitus Journal (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	20	20	1.000
106	Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences [Beall's journal list]	Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (20 in 20)	20	20	1.000
107	Cellular and Molecular Biology [Beall's journal list]	Molecular biology Cellular and Molecular Biology (19 in 19) Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters (1 in 1)	20	20	1.000
108	Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry (20 in 19)	20	19	1.053
109	International Journal of Business and Management [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Business and Management (20 in 18)	20	18	1.111
110	Calodema (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Calodema (19 in 19)	19	19	1.000
111	Wikipedia:Deprecated sources [WP:DEPS § Currently deprecated sources]	Daily Mail (8 in 8) The Daily Mail (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) National Enquirer (3 in 1, 2, 3) The National Enquirer (1 in 1) Taki's Magazine (1 in 1) The Sun (United Kingdom) TV Mag (1 in 1)	19	19	1.000
112	International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (18 in 18)	18	18	1.000
113	PinkNews [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#PinkNews.	PinkNews (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Pink News (13 in 13)	18	18	1.000
114	Research Square \| `{{doi\|10.21203}}` [—] Preprint service	Research Square (17 in 17) `doi=10.21203` Research Square (preprint) (1 in 1)	18	18	1.000
115	CESNUR [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#CESNUR.	CESNUR The Journal of CESNUR (18 in 17)	18	17	1.059
116	Journal of Pharmacy Research [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Pharmacy Research (18 in 17)	18	17	1.059
117	Oncoscience (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Oncology Oncoscience (18 in 17)	18	17	1.059
118	YouTube [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#YouTube.	YouTube (18 in 16)	18	16	1.125
119	International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Fauna and Biological Studies (17 in 17)	17	17	1.000
120	World Scientific News [Beall's journal list]	World Scientific News (17 in 16)	17	16	1.062
121	Core Evidence [Beall's journal list / update]	Core Evidence (14 in 14) Core Evid (2 in 1, 2)	16	16	1.000
122	European Journal of Science and Theology [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Science and Theology (16 in 16)	16	16	1.000
123	Journal of Holistic Nursing [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Holistic Nursing (16 in 16)	16	16	1.000
124	International Journal of Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Sciences (16 in 15)	16	15	1.067
125	Kowsar Publishing \| `{{doi\|10.5812}}` [Beall's publisher list]	Kowsar Publishing Archives de l'Institut Razi (2 in 1, 2) Archives of Razi Institute (1 in 1) Iranian Journal of Pediatrics (8 in 7) Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	16	15	1.067
126	Global Media Journal [Beall's journal list · Lying about DOAJ]	Global Media Journal (15 in 15)	15	15	1.000
127	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science (15 in 15)	15	15	1.000
128	Research (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Research (15 in 14)	15	14	1.071
129	IMDb [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#IMDb.	IMDb (15 in 13)	15	13	1.154
130	International Journal of Biomedical Science [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Biomedical Science (14 in 14)	14	14	1.000
131	International Journal of Development Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Development Research (14 in 14)	14	14	1.000
132	Scientific & Academic Publishing \| `{{doi\|10.5923}}` [Beall's publisher list] Computer Science and Engineering could be a journal published by Korea Open Access Journals	Category:Scientific & Academic Publishing academic journals Computer Science and Engineering (1 in 1) Public Health Research (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Science and Technology (8 in 8)	14	14	1.000
133	Cryptozoology [Unreliable fields]	Cryptozoology (4 in 1, 2, 3) International Fortean Organization INFO (8 in 1, 2, 3, 4) The Critical Eye Critical Eye (2 in 1, 2)	14	9	1.556
134	Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research [Beall's journal list / update]	Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research (13 in 13)	13	13	1.000
135	Cardiology Academic Press [Beall's publisher list] Until 2013, Experimental & Clinical Cardiology belonged to Pulsus group, which hadn't yet been sold to OMICS Publishing Group	Experimental & Clinical Cardiology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4) Exp Clin Cardiol (1 in 1) Experimental and Clinical Cardiology (8 in 8)	13	13	1.000
136	Experimental & Clinical Cardiology [[1]] Until 2013, Experimental & Clinical Cardiology belonged to Pulsus group, which hadn't yet been sold to OMICS Publishing Group	Experimental & Clinical Cardiology (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4) Exp Clin Cardiol (1 in 1) Experimental and Clinical Cardiology (8 in 8)	13	13	1.000
137	International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies (13 in 13)	13	13	1.000
138	Asian Journal of Chemistry [Beall's journal list]	Asian Journal of Chemistry (12 in 12)	12	12	1.000
139	Id Press \| `{{doi\|10.3889}}` [Beall's publisher list] Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences (or OAMJMS) is indexed in DOAJ, however its reviewing process is still sub-par, having accepted this series of papers before retracting them after being caught in a sting.	`doi=10.3889` Open Access Maced J Med Sci. (1 in 1) Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences (11 in 11)	12	12	1.000
140	International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences (12 in 12)	12	12	1.000
141	Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences [Lying about DOAJ]	Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences (12 in 11)	12	11	1.091
142	Muscle & Fitness [Quackwatch's list]	Muscle & Fitness (12 in 10)	12	10	1.200
143	Blaze Media [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Blaze Media. Blaze could also refer to a kids magazine or the official magazine of the Calgary Flames.	Blaze Media The Blaze (magazine) Blaze Magazine (11 in 6) Conservative Review The Conservative Review (1 in 1)	12	7	1.714
144	European Journal of Sustainable Development [Beall's journal list]	European Journal of Sustainable Development (11 in 11)	11	11	1.000
145	International Archives of Medicine [Beall's journal list] Acquired by iMedPub in 2015	International Archives of Medicine (11 in 11)	11	11	1.000
146	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences (11 in 11)	11	11	1.000
147	AlterNet [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#AlterNet.	AlterNet (11 in 10)	11	10	1.100
148	Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease [Beall's journal list]	Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease (11 in 10)	11	10	1.100
149	International Journal of Medical Students [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Medical Students (11 in 10)	11	10	1.100
150	Journal of Engineering Design [Lying about DOAJ]	Journal of Engineering Design (11 in 10)	11	10	1.100
151	Twitter [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Twitter.	Twitter (11 in 7)	11	7	1.571
152	International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering (10 in 10)	10	10	1.000
153	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (10 in 10)	10	10	1.000
154	International Journal of Science and Research \| `{{doi\|10.21275}}` [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Science and Research (10 in 10)	10	10	1.000
155	International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology [Beall's journal list]	International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (10 in 10)	10	10	1.000
156	Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research (10 in 10)	10	10	1.000
157	Journal of International Oral Health [Beall's journal list / update · Lying about DOAJ]	List of Medknow Publications academic journals Journal of International Oral Health (10 in 9)	10	9	1.111
158	NeuroQuantology \| `{{doi\|10.14704}}` [See [2] and [3]]	NeuroQuantology (10 in 9)	10	9	1.111
159	ZDNET [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#ZDNet (October 2020-present).	ZDNET ZDNet (9 in 8) ZDNet News (1 in 1)	10	9	1.111
160	Ethical Human Sciences and Services [Quackwatch's list]	Springer Publishing Ethical Human Sciences and Services (10 in 8)	10	8	1.250
161	Holocaust denial [Unreliable fields]	Chalcedon Foundation Chalcedon Report (2 in 1) Journal of Historical Review The Journal of Historical Review (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4) SP (1 in 1) The Barnes Review (1 in 1) Barnes Review (2 in 1)	10	8	1.250
162	Wikinews [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Wikinews.	Wikinews (10 in 8)	10	8	1.250
163	IJPUB - International Peer Reviewed, Open Access Journal [Beall's journal list / update · Lying about DOAJ]	IJCRT (6 in 6) International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (3 in 1, 2, 3)	9	9	1.000
164	Integrative Medicine (journal) [Quackwatch's list]	Alternative medicine Integrative Medicine (9 in 9)	9	9	1.000
165	Journal of Young Pharmacists [RSN 310]	List of Medknow Publications academic journals Journal of Young Pharmacists (9 in 9)	9	9	1.000
166	Science and Education (publisher) \| `{{doi\|10.12691}}` [Beall's publisher list] Not to be confused with Science & Education by Springer.	Science & Education Science and Education (9 in 9)	9	9	1.000
167	The Experiment (journal) [Beall's journal list]	Experiment (9 in 9)	9	9	1.000
168	arXiv \| `{{doi\|10.48550}}` [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#arXiv.	arXiv ArXiv 2020 (1 in 1) `doi=10.48550` Asteroids IV (6 in 6) Cambridge University Press (1 in 1) Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana (1 in 1)	9	9	1.000
169	Journal of Electrical Engineering [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Electrical Engineering (9 in 8)	9	8	1.125
170	Australasian Journal of Herpetology [Beall's journal list]	Raymond Hoser Australasian Journal of Herpetology (9 in 6)	9	6	1.500
171	World Nutrition [Beall's publisher list / update]	World Nutrition (9 in 6)	9	6	1.500
172	Counselor (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Counselor (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4) Counselor: The Magazine for Addiction Professionals (4 in 1, 2, 3, 4)	8	8	1.000
173	International Digital Organization for Scientific Information \| `{{doi\|10.5829}}` [Beall's publisher list] Search for idosi.org Journal of Reproduction & Infertility likely refers to the non-predatory journal published by the Avicenna Research Institute	Category:International Digital Organization for Scientific Information academic journals American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences (1 in 1) Journal of Reproduction & Infertility (7 in 7)	8	8	1.000
174	International Journal of Current Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Current Research (8 in 8)	8	8	1.000
175	International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering (8 in 8)	8	8	1.000
176	International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences \| `{{doi\|10.22376}}` [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences (8 in 8)	8	8	1.000
177	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (8 in 8)	8	8	1.000
178	Journal of Software [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Software (8 in 8)	8	8	1.000
179	Journal of Arts and Humanities [Beall's journal list]	Journal of Arts and Humanities (8 in 7)	8	7	1.143
180	Ufology [Unreliable fields]	Ancient astronauts Ancient Astronauts (1 in 1) Futuro (1 in 1) James W. Moseley Saucer Smear (1 in 1) Ufology Ufologist (1 in 1) Wilhelm Reich Journal of Orgonomy (3 in 1) The Journal of Orgonomy (1 in 1)	8	6	1.333
181	Australasian Medical Journal [Beall's journal list]	Pulsus Group Australasian Medical Journal (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
182	Discogs [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Discogs.	Discogs (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
183	Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business [Beall's journal list]	Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
184	International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
185	International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology [Beall's journal list / update]	International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
186	International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences [Beall's journal list] Indexed by Journal Citation Reports and DOAJ, but sometimes riddled with grammatical mistakes.	International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
187	International Journal of Sanskrit Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Sanskrit Research (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
188	Journal of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine [Quackwatch's list]	Journal of Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (2 in 1, 2) Journal of Nutritional & Environmental Medicine (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	7	7	1.000
189	Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics [Beall's journal list / update]	List of Medknow Publications academic journals Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
190	Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies [Beall's journal list]	Online Journal of Communication and Media Technologies (7 in 7)	7	7	1.000
191	Whole Living [Quackwatch's list] QW lists it under 'Body & Soul', a former name.	Whole Living Body & Soul (1 in 1) Body + Soul (1 in 1) New Age Journal (5 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)	7	7	1.000
192	International Journal of Education and Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Education and Research (7 in 6)	7	6	1.167
193	Prevention (magazine) [Quackwatch's list]	Prevention (6 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) Prevention Magazine (1 in 1)	7	6	1.167
194	Progress in Physics [Beall's journal list]	Progress in Physics (7 in 6)	7	6	1.167
195	International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security (6 in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security (1 in 1)	7	5	1.400
196	An Phoblacht [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#An Phoblacht.	An Phoblacht (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
197	Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies [Beall's journal list]	Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
198	Facebook [WP:RSP § Generally unreliable] See WP:RSP#Facebook.	Facebook (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
199	International Journal of Advanced Academic Research [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Advanced Academic Research (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000
200	International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences [Beall's journal list]	International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences (6 in 6)	6	6	1.000

Legend

Title (bold link) : page existed at time of database dump
Title (bold underlined link) : page existed, as a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (italicized link) : page existed, as a redirect, at time of database dump
Title (italicized underlined link) : page existed, as a redirect to a disambiguation page, at time of database dump
Title (regular blue link) page did not exist at time of database dump
Title (non-link) : title contains invalid characters for a Wikipedia page title
Title (redlink): A red link means the article does not currently exist. This is either because the corresponding article did not exist at the time of the dump (regular red link), or has since been deleted (red link with formatting).
In an entry like The Foobar Journal (13 in 6), the "13 in 6" means that the entry was found 13 times in 6 article. When an entry is found in 5 or fewer articles, they will be listed for convenience.

Date

Compilation last updated on 7 August 2024. The Wikipedia CiteWatch results are based on the database dump of 1 August 2024, using this configuration, with these exclusions.

← Questionable1	Current Questionable2	→ Questionable3